PCO syndrome: symptoms, causes and treatment of the hormonal disorder

Around one million women in Germany suffer from polycystic ovary syndrome, or PCO for short. With this disease, the hormones literally go crazy. The reason is a dysfunction of the ovaries, which leads to irregular or absent periods and can be accompanied by other symptoms such as beard growth. It is also a common cause of an unfulfilled desire to have children. We explain the causes and symptoms of PCO syndrome and possible treatment methods.

Idee für mich
via Sabrina
02/27/2017, 16:26
Die Eierstöcke sind für die Entwicklung und Reifung der Eizellen zuständig. Beim PCO-Syndrom wachsen die Eibläschen nur bis zu einer bestimmten Größe heran. Statt zu platzen, bilden sie ringförmig viele kleine Zysten. © dreamstime
The ovaries are responsible for the development and maturation of the egg cells. In PCO syndrome, the follicles only grow to a certain size. Instead of bursting, they form many small cysts in a ring shape.

How does the hormonal disorder develop?

PCO syndrome develops due to an irregularity in the hormone balance. The body releases too many male sex hormones (androgens). It is not clear what the exact trigger could be. According to studies, genetic factors play a role. Several family members are often affected by PCO syndrome. Environmental influences and individual lifestyle are also thought to contribute to the condition - such as lack of exercise, poor diet and obesity: 50 percent of women affected weigh too much.

The most important symptoms of PCO syndrome

The clinical picture can vary from woman to woman. However, it is characterized by irregular or completely absent periods with a lack of ovulation. This greatly reduces the chances of becoming pregnant for PCO patients.

Also striking: a high level of male hormones. This leads to a more masculine distribution of body hair, with beard growth and loss of scalp hair. It can also lead to acne and a disturbed sugar metabolism - and even diabetes. And: obesity is not only one of the causes, but can also be a consequence.

Recognizing PCO syndrome: Diagnosis is difficult

The disease is complex, as the symptoms of PCO syndrome can vary. This makes diagnosis difficult. If PCO is suspected, a vaginal ultrasound is usually performed. In women with PCO syndrome, the ovaries are usually enlarged on both sides and have at least twelve small cysts. The gynecologist checks the changes in hormones using blood tests.

Treating the symptoms

Unfortunately, there is no cure for PCO syndrome. It is usually treated with medication and hormones. In overweight women, the symptoms can also be alleviated by losing weight with a healthy diet and exercise. This brings the hormones back into balance and increases the possibility of ovulation, menstrual problems and fertility improve and excessive hair growth decreases.