We have 23 intervertebral discs that sit like buffers between the individual vertebrae and ensure that the bones do not rub against each other. They can do this because each of these intervertebral discs consists of a soft gelatinous core inside that absorbs shocks. This gelatinous core is surrounded by a hard fibrous ring. This in turn ensures that the core stays where it belongs. The outer shell of the intervertebral disc is fused to the periosteum of the vertebral bodies.

It is not always recognized immediately

In the event of a herniated disc, however, the fibrous ring ruptures and the gelatinous nucleus breaks through. Herniated discs are often caused by wear and tear, poor posture, too little movement or one-sided strain. The leaking tissue can press on the nerves and cause stabbing pain, numbness or tingling. Can - but doesn't have to. This is because those affected often do not even realize that they have had a so-called prolapse, believing it to be a muscle strain. The herniated disc is therefore often only discovered during a routine examination.

Treatment includes exercise

Today, 90 percent of patients are treated with conservative therapies such as heat and physiotherapy. Those affected are also prescribed special back and abdominal exercises. This is because strong muscles hold the body's own shock absorbers in place.

Intervertebral discs need fluid

But not every sport is suitable for intervertebral discs: tennis, squash, golf and bowling are bad. Swimming, cycling and walking, on the other hand, are good. To keep the gelatinous core supple and firm, the intervertebral discs need plenty of fluids - 1.5 liters of water a day is recommended.

When it becomes critical: Emergency surgery

In the event of symptoms of paralysis and if patients no longer have control over their bladder, surgery must be performed as soon as possible. If the pain has not disappeared after six weeks, surgery is also an option. The leaking tissue is removed surgically or with a laser.